Overview

Constantan is a copper-nickel alloy used in a variety of thermocouple applications. It is paired with iron, copper and Chromel® to form types J, T and E thermocouples, respectively. Known for its high electrical resistivity and its ability to perform consistently despite changes in temperature, Constantan is also widely used throughout the electronics industry.

Properties

Technical Properties

of Constantan

Constantan Metal Properties

 Melting pointBoiling pointDensity Heat of fusionMolar heat capacityElectrical resistivityMagnetic ordering
Constantan1210 °C
Molybdenum 2896 K ​(2623 °C, ​4753 °F)4912 K ​(4639 °C, ​8382 °F)10.28 g/cm337.48 kJ/mol24.06 J/(mol·K)53.4 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)paramagnetic[4]
Titanium1941 K ​(1668 °C, ​3034 °F)3560 K ​(3287 °C, ​5949 °F)4.506 g/cm314.15 kJ/molxx420 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)paramagnetic
Zirconium2128 K ​(1855 °C, ​3371 °F)4650 K ​(4377 °C, ​7911 °F)6.52 g/cm314 kJ/mo25.36 J/(mol·K)421 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)paramagnetic[3]
Nickel1728 K ​(1455 °C, ​2651 °F)3003 K ​(2730 °C, ​4946 °F)8.908 g/cm317.48 kJ/mol26.07 J/(mol·K)69.3 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)ferromagnetic
Alumel1399 °Cxx8.61 g cm−3xxxxxxxx
Chromel1420 °C8.5 g cm−3xx0.706 µΩ mxx
Invar 361427°C, 2600°Fxx8055g cm 0.291xxxx495 ohm-cir mil/ftxx
Niobium2750 K ​(2477 °C, ​4491 °F)5017 K ​(4744 °C, ​8571 °F)8.57 g/cm330 kJ/mol24.60 J/(mol·K)152 nΩ·m (at 0 °C)paramagnetic
Rhenium3459 K ​(3186 °C, ​5767 °F)5903 K ​(5630 °C, ​10,170 °F)21.02 g/cm360.43 kJ/mol25.48 J/(mol·K)193 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)paramagnetic[2]
Tantalum3290 K ​(3017 °C, ​5463 °F)5731 K ​(5458 °C, ​9856 °F)16.69 g/cm336.57 kJ/mol25.36 J/(mol·K)131 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)paramagnetic[3]
Tungsten3695 K ​(3422 °C, ​6192 °F)6203 K ​(5930 °C, ​10706 °F)19.3 g/cm352.31 kJ/mol[3][4]24.27 J/(mol·K)52.8 nΩ·m (at 20 °Cparamagnetic[5]
Kovar1450 °C / 2640 °F8.35 g /cm300.49 Ω mm2 /cm
MuMetal2642°F [1450°C]xx 0.316 lb/in³ [8.74g/cm³]xxxx 60 μΩ​cmxx
Industries

Industries

That Commonly Use Constantan

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